Passur (Xylocarpus granatum)
Passur (Xylocarpus granatum), also known as the Cannonball Mangrove, Puzzlenut Tree, or Cedar Mangrove, is a species of mangrove tree belonging to the Meliaceae family. It is native to the mangrove forests of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. Passur trees are commonly found in coastal areas, particularly along estuaries, tidal creeks, and the landward edges of mangrove forests, where they can tolerate high levels of salinity.
Passur trees typically grow up to 10-15 meters in height, with some specimens reaching up to 20 meters. The tree has a straight, cylindrical trunk with smooth, light grey bark that becomes fissured and rough with age. The tree is characterized by its extensive root system, including stilt roots and buttress roots, which provide stability in the muddy substrate of the mangroves.
The leaves of the Passur tree are simple, opposite, and elliptical to oblong in shape, with a shiny, dark green upper surface and a lighter green underside. The tree produces small, fragrant, greenish-white flowers arranged in clusters known as panicles. These flowers are bisexual and are pollinated by insects. Following pollination, the flowers develop into large, woody, round fruits that turn brown as they mature. Each fruit contains several seeds that are dispersed by water.
Passur trees play a vital role in the mangrove ecosystem, providing habitat and food for various species of birds, fish, and other wildlife. The extensive root system of the tree helps to prevent soil erosion, stabilize shorelines, and maintain water quality by trapping sediments and filtering pollutants.
The wood of the Passur tree is dense, hard, and resistant to termites and fungi, making it suitable for various purposes such as construction, boat building, and the production of charcoal. The tree also has a number of traditional medicinal uses, including the treatment of skin diseases, dysentery, and fever. However, the increasing demand for its wood and habitat loss due to deforestation, aquaculture expansion, and climate change has led to a decline in Passur tree populations. Conservation efforts are necessary to protect these unique trees and the vital ecosystems they support.