Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis)
The Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) is a medium-sized passerine bird belonging to the family Oriolidae. It is found in a wide range of habitats across the Indian subcontinent, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, including countries such as India, Nepal, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The Black-naped Oriole inhabits forests, woodlands, gardens, and cultivated areas, often near water sources.
Physical Characteristics:
The Black-naped Oriole measures around 25-28 centimeters (9.8-11 inches) in length. It has a striking yellow or golden-yellow plumage, with a black head, nape, and eye stripe that extends to the beak. The wings and tail have black edges, and the bill and feet are also black. There is some sexual dimorphism, as females have a duller yellow coloration and may have a less distinct black nape.
Diet:
The Black-naped Oriole primarily feeds on insects, such as caterpillars, beetles, and ants. It also consumes fruits, berries, and nectar from various plant species. The bird forages in the canopy and middle layers of the forest, either alone, in pairs, or in small groups.
Reproduction and Lifecycle:
The breeding season for the Black-naped Oriole typically occurs between April and August, depending on the location. These birds are monogamous and form long-lasting pair bonds. They build a small, cup-shaped nest from twigs, grasses, and other plant materials, usually placed in the fork of a tree or bush.
The female lays 2 to 4 pale blue or greenish-blue eggs with brown markings, which are incubated by both parents for around 14-16 days. After hatching, the chicks are fed and cared for by both parents until they fledge, or leave the nest, at about 15-18 days old. The young birds continue to receive care from their parents for a few more weeks before becoming fully independent.
Conservation Status:
The Black-naped Oriole is currently listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its wide distribution and stable population. The species is not facing any major threats at present. However, habitat loss due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization could pose potential risks to the Black-naped Oriole population in the future. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and monitoring populations to ensure their long-term survival.